Overall the bar chart shows how petrol prices increased to maximum of €1.20 per litre, and have remained around this level for last 10 years, except in 2009 where they fell to a record low of €0.78 per litre. For example, overall, on the whole, in short.

Soon there will be a necessity for yet another global treaty, in spite of all the lobbying by the legal profession.ĩ.

For example, the recent Paris agreement took over five years of negotiation. Overall it is difficult to envision any solution on the horizon. Accordingly numerous lawyers have petitioned legislatures but still the problems persist. ….These legal experts believe a global solution is needed and have urged nation states to take action. For example, underneath, on the other side.Ĩ. For example, in spite of, still, although.Ħ. Furthermore, evidence is undoubtedly mounting proving its severity, yet the law practitioners are painfully aware of the lack of action from governments….ĥ. ….These legal experts believe a global solution is needed, but unfortunately the globe still consists of individual players. For example, in addition to, moreover, besides.ģ. There are specific transition words and phrases that show precise relationships between the ideas:ġ. Millions of trees are being cut down every week.Show precise relationships between ideas. police station -> building | car -> means of transport) We are losing rain forests at a great rate. For example, it invested millions of dollars developing forests in the desert. addition, time relaters) The UAE is spending a lot of money to improve its environment. Repeat a sentence structure We need to make our buildings more energy efficient. The first is the weevil borer whose larvae eat their way through the maize plant. Use a sequence marker The maize plant faces two main pests. They help reduce pollution and provide shade. Trees are an essential part of a city's development. We are continually aware of our environment as we go about our business. The surroundings in which we carry out our daily lives are very important to us. Use a synonym (word with the same meaning) of a word from the first sentence in the second. Approximately 50% of the calories we consume are used in physical activity. Repeating a word or words from the first sentence in the second sentence. To some extent, these overlap with the four strategies proposed by Oshima & Hogue (2006) above in this subsection.ġ. Hamp Lyons & Heasley (2006) suggest seven ways in which writers can link sentences together to form texts. The link below will take you to a list of different transitional and linking words.

There is a multitude of words and phrases like these, and they can be grouped in different classes based on the function they serve. However, even when this is done in a satisfactory manner, there is often a need to strengthen the organisational pattern of a text passage by inserting logical markers. The last but one point - transition signals (sometimes called linking words or linking adverbials) - has to do with the use of specific words and phrases that evoke links and transition between ideas.Īs was emphasised above, there is no substitute for ordering the various ideas and parts of a text in a logical way. Thirdly, contrast has to do with ordering ideas by contrasting or comparing them. Secondly, importance means that ideas are discussed in a sequence which implies either a increasing or decreasing order of importance. Chronology, firstly, has to do with time, and in terms of logic, events are ordered in a sequence. There are several different kinds of logical order, but some of the more frequently used are chronology, importance, and contrast. Starting with the last point, for the reason that it is a paramount aspect, any academic text will be incomprehensible unless the ideas expressed in it are arranged in some sort of logical fashion. Oshima & Hogue (2006) suggest the following four: A writer must maximise understanding of a text by making it as clear and logical as possible.Ĭoherence can be achieved in a number of ways. Another way to describe coherence is to say that it has to do with good and smooth text flow. The term comes from the Latin verb co-haerere, which means 'to stick together' (OED). In a coherent text, there are logical links between the words, sentences, and paragraphs of the text. We use coherence to cover both the extent to which a text hangs together, as it were, and the various linguistic and structural means of achieving this coherence. Coherence is sometimes called cohesion, even though some would claim that the two terms denote phenomena that are obviously related, but clearly different.

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